The carbon emissions generated by the electricity consumption of data center cooling and air conditioning systems are quite significant. Carbon reduction is one of the four main pathways to achieving carbon neutrality (carbon substitution, carbon reduction, carbon sequestration, and carbon recycling).
In order to achieve energy efficiency and emissions reduction in data center cooling and air conditioning systems, the industry has conducted extensive research in various cooling methods, including
aisle containment,
wind barriers
airflow organization
heat pipes
river water cooling
dynamic glycol cooling
cooling towers
air-cooled chillers
refrigerant pumps
indirect evaporative cooling
enthalpy wheels
and direct natural cooling with fresh air
Liquid cooling technology can directly utilize natural cooling, significantly reducing power consumption, and helping to reduce the carbon emissions of data centers.
Cooling server chips presents a serious challenge, and the temperature of chip packaging shells continues to rise, reaching the limits of air cooling. With a specific heat capacity of 1000 to 3500 times that of air and thermal conductivity 15 to 25 times higher than that of air, liquid cooling is the preferred choice for higher heat density cooling.
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